Fig. 2

Toll signaling promotes apoptotic cell death. Fluorescence micrographs (a–e, k–o) and light micrographs (f–j) of third instar larval wing discs are shown. Compared with the controls (a, f, k), ectopic expression of Toll^10B in the wing pouch induces massive cell death (b), activates rpr transcription detected by X-Gal staining of a rpr-LacZ reporter (g), and promotes caspase activation indicated by cleaved caspase-3 (CC-3) antibody staining (l). These phenotypes are suppressed by depletion of dorsal (d, e, i, j, n, o), but not GFP (c, h, m). p–r Statistical analysis of cell death number (p, n = 8), X-Gal staining (q, n = 8) and CC-3 activity in wing discs (r, n = 9) are shown. Error bar indicates standard deviation. One-way ANOVA test was used to compute P-values, ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, ns is no significant difference. See Additional file 1 for detailed genotypes. Scale bar: 100 μm