Fig. 3

Knockdown of ROMO1 induces mitochondrial fragmentation, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization in porcine embryos. A Representative confocal images of dsControl and dsROMO1 blastocysts showing well-preserved mitochondrial clusters in dsControl blastocysts but fragmented mitochondria clusters in dsROMO1 groups. Scale bars, 20 μm. B, C Quantification of confocal images of dsControl (n = 5) and dsROMO1 (n = 6) blastocysts showing the mitochondrial fragmentation rate and relative mitochondrial cluster length. D ROS levels in control and ROMO1 KD blastocysts. E MitoSox staining and mitochondrial ROS levels in control and ROMO1 KD blastocysts. Scale bars, 20 μm. F JC-1 staining and mitochondrial membrane potential in control and ROMO1 KD blastocysts. Scale bars, 20 μm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 indicate significant differences between treatment groups