Fig. 2

Primary cultured malignant tumor cells showed higher level of multinucleation and nucleic DNA leakage. A Selected views of nucleation status of a recurrent HPC tumor from Case 1. Different levels of nucleation were observed through bright-field microscopy. B Relative abundance of multi-nucleated cells with various numbers of nuclei, ranging from two (bi-) to eight (octa-) nuclei. Comparison between the malignant Case 1 and benign Case 2, both diagnosed with HPC, showed a higher level of multinucleation in Case 1. C Nucleic DNA leakage in primary cultured HPC (Case 1 and 2) and meningioma (Case 3–6). Cells were stained with Hoechst 3324 dye after 15 days of primary culture. The Case 1 and 4 (left two panels) showed obvious loosen nucleus with leakage of nucleic acid materials into cytoplasm. These signs of nucleic DNA leakage were moderate with Case 3 and 6 (right two panels), while nucleus for the benign Case 2 HPC and Case 5 meningioma (middle two panels) were intact and compact with no sign of nucleic DNA leakage. All the scale bars are at 20 µm