Fig. 1

CSE exerts an anti-tumor effect on LUAD cells. a LUAD cell viability was examined using CCK-8. b LUAD cell growth was measured using colony formation assays. c LUAD cell proliferation was measured using EdU assays. d LUAD cell migration was measured using wound healing assays. e LUAD cell invasion was measured using the Transwell invasion assay. f Detection of apoptosis in LUAD cells by flow cytometry. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of results from at least three independent experiments performed in triplicates, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s posttests, *p < 0.05