Fig. 3

The inhibiting effects of CSE on the immune escape of LUAD cells are reversed by KCTD9 knockdown. a Correlation between KCTD9 and T-cell infiltration in LUAD analyzed by TIMER 2.0 database. b PD-L1 mRNA expression in LUAD cells with different treatments detected by RT-qPCR assays. c PD-L1 protein expression in LUAD cells with different treatments detected by western blot assays. d-g The levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, CXCL10, and CXCL9 in the co-culture system of LUAD cells and human CD8⁺ T cells. h Proliferation of human CD8⁺ T cells in co-culture system detected by CFSE assays. i The ability of differently treated LUAD cells against human CD8⁺ T cells was evaluated using tumor cell killing assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of results from at least three independent experiments performed in triplicates, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s posttest, *p < 0.05