Fig. 1
From: Update of cellular responses to the efferocytosis of necroptosis and pyroptosis
Cell death molecular mechanisms schematic. Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signals activate death receptors on the cell surface, which activates caspase 3/7. The progression of secondary necrosis may be accelerated by caspase-3-cleaved GSDME and NINJ1. Primary necrosis typically has a randomness, resulting in an uncontrolled rupture of membranes. Through its interaction with the INF-R, TNF-may induce necroptosis by activating RIPK1/3 and creating MLKL membrane holes. Pyroptosis is triggered by the detection of PAMPs/DAMPs like ATP. Pyroptosis is induced by caspase 1, and caspases 4/5/11 converge with the activation of Gasdermin D